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CNS Transmitters
From Qedoc
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This page describes a Qedoc learning module or quiz entitled "CNS Transmitters". You can download the module from this page to put on your computer. You can also launch the module straight off the web using the launch quiz link on the right-hand side of this page. Another way to access this quiz is to install the Qedoc Quiz Player and bring up its directory of downloadable quizzes. Whichever way you choose to use it, it's free.
This module may contain medicine-related material. Please refer to our medical disclaimer.
Contents |
Description
Pharmacology of major CNS neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine [5HT], gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), glutamate, neuropeptides); Identity of receptors for these transmit; drug effects on transmitter metabolism and receptors. Drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntingdon’s chorea.
The module contains the following activities:
- All questions
- GABA
- Glutamate
- Noradrenaline
- CNS
- 5HT
- ACh
- Dopamine
- Glycine
Sample questions
The following is a short sample of the questions in this module and may help to better assess the level, topic and suitability of the material for your purposes. Images are omitted and the questions may not make complete sense without the context of the interactive answer activities which follow them in the module. To best preview this module, click the launch link at the top right of this page.
- Hallucinations are thought to be due to agonists acting on 5HT2A receptors causing depressed firing to brainstem 5HT neurones. Inhibition of cortical neurones leads to loss of inhibition which underlies the hallucinogenic effect. It is the decreased 5HT which exaggerates sensory responses.
- Alzheimers disease is due to a loss of cholinergic neurones in the basal forebrain. Anticholinesterases are used. Drugs include donezepil, rivastigmine and galantamine. Tacrine leads to 40% patient improvement.
- Bromocriptine paradoxically [now rarely used] inhibits excessive GH secretion from the pituitary gland, which is responsible for acromegaly. [Usually dopamine causes increases in GH]
- Noradrenaline is made from tyrosine which is converted to DOPA which is decarboxylated to dopamine. Dopamine beta hydroxylase in NAdr neurones convert dopamine to noradrenaline.
- Lesions in the raphe nuclei lead to abolished sleep. This can be shown experimentally by administering PCPA which inhibits tryptophan hydroxlase i.e. 5HT depleted.
- Levodopa produces an improvement in rigidity and hypokinetic symptoms in 80% of patients. 20% will appear 'normal' however effectiveness declines with time.
- A lack of D1 receptors in the mesocortical pathways can lead to demotivation and thus the individual will be insensitive to amphetamine and cocaine.
- Noradrenaline helps to control mood and arousal. Functional deficiency can lead to depresseion, lethargy, wherea an increase may lead to mania.
- The cell bodies that are in the substantia nigrostriatal pathway have their axons in the...? These fibres run in the medial forebrain bundle
Screenshots
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How to use this module
To use a Qedoc learning module, the following procedure is recommended:
- Really easy: click the click here to launch hyperlink at the top right of the page. Then just wait and click your way (if necessary) through any dialogue screens. The module will launch straight off the web.
- Fairly easy: if you wish to have the module downloaded to your desktop, then start the Qedoc Quiz Player (which you can download and install on your computer if you haven't done so yet) and run through the starting dialogues until it presents you with a list of modules to load. Switch to the online learning modules tab, and the Qedoc Quiz Player will download a list of currently published modules from the web. Choose your desired module (this one) from the list. A local copy will then be kept on your computer for future use.
- Not so easy: click the download link at the bottom of the "quick facts" box and the module's ZIP file will download to your desktop. To actually use this, however, you must move it to the /player/modplay subdirectory of whichever directory the Qedoc software is installed in (usually /programme files/qedoc).
How to edit this module
You are permitted to edit this module - for example, to correct mistakes, extend it, or incorporate material from it into new modules or other educational resources. To find out how, please read How to edit a module.
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